1900

Louise Leonard’s Mars Drawings (1903-05)

These are probably the first drawings of Mars by a woman astronomer. They were drawn by Wrexie Louise Leonard, the assistant of Percival Lowell, at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ. References: W. Louise Leonard: Drawings of Mars. Popular Astronomy, 1907 (147), XV/7. 387-390. Jan Millsapps: Wrexie Louise Leonard: Take a Letter, Take a Look. […]

Antoniadi’s Polar Maps of Mars 1900-1901

Antoniadi EM, Attkins EAL, Bolton S, Buchanan WE, Corder H, Craig SR, Hall WJ, Kibbler WA, Killip R? Molesworth PB, Phillips TER, Price WS, Smith HF, Townshend HJ 1903 Mars – Report of the Section, 1900-1901. Memoirs of the British Astronomical Association, Volume 11, p7513 (167-, 86-) LONDON Chart on the North Polar regions of […]

Mottoni’s albedo synthesis maps of Mars

De Mottoni Y Palacios, G. (1975). The appearance of Mars from 1907 to 1971: Graphic synthesis of photographs from the I.A.U. center at Meudon. Icarus, 25(2), 296–332 Note: we display these maps north-up.

Vegetation map of Mars and Earth (sprouting times on Mars)

Lowell, P 1908 Mars as the abode of life. Macmillan, New York

Maunder’s test map of Mars (1903)

Drawn by: Edward Walter Maunder Evans, J. E. & Maunder, E. W.: Experiments as to the actuality of the “Canals” observed on Mars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 63, p.488-499. June 1903 This experiment was to test the real existence of canals on Mars. “Drawing 6*25 inches based upon one by Professor Schiaparelli made […]

Lukács’s Copy of Lowell’s Map of the Polar cap of Mars (1904)

A Mars és a Föld összehasonlító topográfiája. Comparative topography of Mars and Earth. Lukács Károly 1904. Manuscript. Pencil and ink A copy of another map, with signature “R de M” (?) Lukács Károly: A sarki hósüvegek változásai a Marson és a Földön. Földrajzi Közlemények 1904. február, 11. füzet. 41-72 Original: Map of the South Pole […]

Lukács’ map of Mars (1904)

A Mars és a Föld összehasonlító topográfiája (Comparative topography of Mars and Earth, in Hungarian). Drawn by: Lukács Károly 1904 Pencil and black ink. Ca. 20×25 cm Unpubl. manuscript. Based on Flammarion and Antoniadi’s map but with somewhat more details and few more names. References Lukács Károly: A sarki hósüvegek változásai a Marson és a […]

Flammarion and Antoniadi’s Map of Mars (1900-1910)

1900. Courtesy of Ton Lindemann. This map is largely based on the British Astronomical Association map 1896 but includes more polar latitudes. Same map as above from a Russian encyclopedia. Новый энциклопедический словарь. Брокгауза и Ефрона / [под общ. ред. К. К. Арсеньева]. Petrograd. n.d. СПб, 191(?). (c. 1915) Antoniadi’s map 1900 reprojected onto the […]

Lowell’s Globe of Mars (1905)

Photo: A reconstruction of the Lowell globe, made by Keith Boulger. This globe is on display at the Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ. More images of this globe. See also a video of another reconstruction of the Lowell globe.

Lowell’s map of Mercury (1902)

Source: P. Lowell: New observations of the planet Mercury. Cambridge, J. Wilson and son, 1902. In Memoirs of the American academy of arts and sciences, n.8., v.12, no.4 The book also includes tens of drawings of Mercury. According to the author, the planet is “covered with long narrow markings best explained as the result of […]

Ingeborg Brun’s Globe of Mars (1909)

Hand painted by the Danish astronomer Emmy Ingeborg Brun in 1905-1909. The globe is based on the canal maps of Percival Lowell. Note nice Art Nouveau style lettering. “Brun is known to have presented Flammarion with one of her globes. Fewer than ten of Brun’s Mars globes appear to have been recorded.” (Source) Original globe […]

Lowell’s maps of Mars (1894-1905)

1894 Source: Lowell, P. 1895; Mars; Flagstaff Image courtesy Ton Lindemann. Nomenclature ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY REGIONS No. Name 100 Aonius Sinus 7 Argyre 168 Atlantis 15 Aurorae Sinus 287 Ausonia 4 Dencalionis Regio 268 Edom Promontorium 194 Elysium 1 Fastigium Aryn 229 Hadriaticum Mare 240 Hammonis Cornu 275 Hellas 211 Hesperia 205 Isidis Regio 236 Japygia […]

Explanation

Column name	Column description
Catalog ID (M)	N/A
Title	Title of map
Author	Name of mapper(s), or author, PI, map editor, illustrator, etc. with roles
Nationality	Nationality of author
Start date	Year when mapping began / or year or observation
Date of publication	Year of publication or completion of manusctipt (empty if not published yet)
Body	Target name (planetary body)
Online	Online references about the map
Projection	Projection of map. 2-hemisphere is shown here.
Scale	N/A
Orientation	Orientation of map [north up, south up] – only for historic maps (north: cartographic tradition, south: astronomical tradition)
Publication type	The type of work that contains the map. [standalone, journal, conference, atlas, book figure, book supplement, book plate, encyclopedia, multisheet, digital]
Type, purpose	Type of map purpose [generic, outreach, science, citizen, surface operation (pre mission), landing site (post mission), observer, opposition, index, reference, eclipse/transit/occultation] generic: not defined, outreach: maps for the general public made b
Primary Nomenclature	Laguage(s) of nomenclature displayed on the map [Latin, English etc., IAU, informal]. Latin for Latin nomenclature prior to IAU.
Ref (map)	Full reference of map publication or publication that contains the map
DOI	DOI number of map
ID (publication)	ID of map publication or figure number
Origin type	If this map is not original, the following codes are used: [L: language variant, N: new print, U: updated edition, C: copied / modified from another map, R: renovation map (digital version of paper map with slight changes), F facsimile. RP: republished in
Origin ID	Any maps that this map is based on or copied from. Database ID of original map.
Based on map	Name of mapper
Base (spacecraft, telescope)	Name of spacecraft / instrument
Original title	Title of map in original langage (if not English)
Publisher	Name of Publisher; manuscript or self-published. For journals and conferences, the name of the journal or conference.
Coverage	Coverage of map [global, hemispheric, regional, local, landing site, landing ellipse, traverse]
Target location	IAU name of target feature (if named) or near side, far side etc. (If nothing noted, it is global)
Country	Country of Publisher (original/translation)
Type, content	Type of map [photo, map, sketch map, drawing, globe, tactile, data]. Data for raster datasets. For vector data, see Feature DB. Drawing: no grid, scale, projection etc.
Image base	Base theme of the map [shaded relief, photomosaic, photo, none]
Theme	Theme of map [visual, albedo, radar, low sun, topography, elevation, geology, geomorphology, art, nomenclature reference, feature, landing site reference, opposition map, event (eclipse etc) etc.]. Low sun is optical photo with shadows and no albedo. Vis
Technique	Cartographic technique [imagemap, datamap, cartographic map, unit map, airbrush, pencil, line drawing/outline, contour lines, DEM, DIM, shaded relief / hillshading, raster data etc.]
Style	Details on style
Method	Method how the data was obtained
Mapping scale	Scale of mapping
Resolution	Raster dataset resoltion [m/pixel]
Short Reference	Short form of reference to the map publication
GIS / data	URL where GIS or original spatial data is
Data provider	N/A
Profession	Profession of author (for historic maps)
Designator	Sheet designator terms following Greeley and Batson (1990) Planetary Mapping. Cambridge University Press. – only if displayed on the map. First letter: target body, 5M: scale, 90/0 etc: center coordinates, OM – orthophotomosaic , T – Topographic data (nom
Control	Controlled, semi-controlled, uncontrolled
Note on control	Base of control
Series title	Title of map series
Number of maps (in work)	N/A
Number of quads	N/A
Quad ID	Quad ID (or quads IDs) contained on the map
Map Diameter	N/A
Map width cm	N/A
Map height cm	N/A
Map width px	N/A
Map height px	N/A
Base type	Type of instrument of observation of base data [naked eye, telescope, spacecraft, space telescope, lander]
Location of copy	Library or archive where manuscript or rare copy is kept
Ref (literature)	Reference – literature about the map, may be the source of data if the map is not available. Separated with # symbols.
Status (2017)	Status of mapping [complete, in progress, in review] (mostly for USGS maps)
Aim	Original aim of mapping, if available
Notes	Any comments, remarks [Long text, may be multiple paragraphs]
Secondary nomenclature	Other languages of the nomenclature
Nomenclature Notes	Remarks on nomenclature
Photo note	N/A
Reference frame	ID from RefFrames
web2	Online references about the map
web3	Online references about the map
web4	Online references about the map
ocentric/ographic	Map coordinate [planetographic, planetocentric]
N	N/A
S	N/A
W 360E	N/A
E 360E	N/A
W 180	N/A
E 180	N/A
W 360W	N/A
R 360W	N/A
fig1	N/A
fig1 caption	N/A
fig2	N/A
fig2 caption	N/A
fig3	N/A
fig3 caption	N/A
fig4	N/A
fig4 caption	N/A
fig5	N/A
fig5 caption	N/A
STATUS	N/A
Sum	$180