Lowell’s maps of Mars (1894-1905)
1894
Source: Lowell, P. 1895; Mars; Flagstaff
Image courtesy Ton Lindemann.
Nomenclature
ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY
No. Name 100 Aonius Sinus 7 Argyre 168 Atlantis 15 Aurorae Sinus 287 Ausonia 4 Dencalionis Regio 268 Edom Promontorium 194 Elysium 1 Fastigium Aryn 229 Hadriaticum Mare 240 Hammonis Cornu 275 Hellas 211 Hesperia 205 Isidis Regio 236 Japygia 225 Lemuria 207 Libya 176 Mare Chronium 165 Mare Cimmerium 285 Mare Erythraeum 283 Mare Icarium 173 Mare Sirenum 210 Mare Tyrrhenum 20 Margaritifer Sinus 103 Memnonia 6 Noachis 277 Oenotria 88 Ogygis Regio 286 Ophir 9 Protei Regio 5 Pyrrhae Regio 3 Sabaeus Sinus 2 Socratis Promontorium 233 Syrtis Major 237 Solis Promontorium 209 Syrtis Parva 27 Tempe 92 Thyle I. 177 Thyle II. 267 Xisuthri
CANALS
271 Acalandrus
84 Acampsis
10 Acesines
119 Achana
222 Achates
199 Achelous
284 Acheron
90 Acis
238 Aeolus
76 Aesis
192 Aethiops
43 Agathodaemon
273 Alpheus
87 Ambrosia
203 Amenthes
12 Amphrysus
54 Amystis
61 Anapus
161 Antaeus
242 Anubis
79 Araxes
144 Arges
244 Arosis
250 Arsanias
62 Artanes
243 Asopus
245 Astaboras
204 Astapus
156 Atax
224 Athesis
163 Avernus
73 Avus
162 Axius
148 Axon
57 Bactrus
S7 Baetis
86 Bathys
159 Bautis
143 Belus
198 Boreas
201 Boreosyrtis
129 Brontes
16 Caicus
189 Cambyses
22 Cantabras
232 Carpis
239 Casuentus
55 Catarrhactes
94 Cayster
221 Centrites
218 Cephissus
186 Cerberus
14 Cestrus
182 Chaboras
184 Chretes
42 Chrysas
49 Chrysorrhoas
212 Cinyphus
47 Clitumnus
64 Clodianus
160 Cophen
44 Coprates
40 Corax
164 Cyaneus
91 Cyrus
77 Daemon
260 Daix
258 Daradax
26 Dardanus
19 Dargamanes
264 Deuteronilus
172 Digentia
235 Dosaron
93 Drahonus
107 Elison
74 Eosphorus
18 Erannoboas
150 Erebus
141 Erinaeus
226 Erymanthus
104 Erynnis
256 Eulaeus
114 Eumenides
193 Eunostos
253 Euphrates
140 Eurymedon
213 Eurypus
142 Evenus
67 Fortunae
179 Gaesus
215 Galaesus
197 Galaxias
36 Ganges
48 Ganymede
13 Garrhuenus
122 Gigas
266 Gihon
63 Glaucus
105 Gorgon
145 Gyes
153 Hades
70 Halys
170 Harpasus
38 Hebe
181 Helisson
171 Heratemis
101 Herculis Columnae
261 Hiddekel
17 Hipparis
231 Hippus
234 Hyctanis
32 Hydaspes
34 Hydraotes
11 Hydriacus
227 Hylias
272 Hyllus
31 Hyphasis
35 Hypsas
102 Hyscus
30 Indus
68 Iris
95 Isis
28 Jamuna
80 Jaxartes
257 Labotas
155 Laestrygon
166 Leontes
202 Lethes
139 Liris
81 Maeander
270 Magon
97 Malva
263 Margus
127 Medus
106 Medusa
99 Mogrus
39 Nectar
135 Neda
206 Nepenthes
183 Nereides
167 Nestus
269 Neudrus
29 Nilokeras
246 Nilosyrtis
51 Nilus
188 Nymphaeus
8 Oceanus
21 Ochus
180 Opharus
149 Orcus
255 Orontes
230 Orosines
24 Oxus
191 Pactolus
169 Padargus
66 Palamnus
108 Parcae
274 Peneus
82 Phasis
247 Phison
251 Protonilus
175 Psychrus
121 Pyriphlegethon
220 Rha
178 Scamander
223 Sesamus
174 Simois
111 Sirenius
254 Sitacus
130 Steropes
196 Styx
89 Surius
157 Tartarus
228 Tedanius
112 Thermodon
133 Thyanis
125 Titan
72 Tithonius
208 Triton
276 Tyndis
241 Typhon
110 Ulysses
56 Uranius
219 Xanthus
OASES
59 Acherusia Palus
109 Aganippe Fons
128 Alcyonia
IS6 Ammonium
195 Aponi Fons
158 Aquae Apollinares
200 Aquae Calidae
131 Arachoti Fons
115 Arduenna
262 Arethusa Fons
278 Arsia Silva
117 Arsine
96 Astrae Lacus
134 Augila
123 Bandusiae Fons
98 Benacus Lacus
120 Biblis Fons
146 Castalia Fons
65 Ceraunius
187 Clepsydra Fons
60 Cyane Fons
217 Cynia Lacus
288 Daphne
124 Ferentinae Lucus
214 Flevo Lacus
46 Fons Juventae
83 Gallinaria Silva
116 Hercynia Silva
216 Hesperidum Lacus
147 Hibe
58 Hippocrene Fons
249 Hipponitis Palus
151 Hypelaeus
52 Labeatis Lacus
252 Lacus Ismenius
50 Lacus Lunae
78 Lacus Phoenicis
281 Lausonius Lacus
75 Lerne
190 Lucrinus Lacus
185 Lucus Angitiae
33 Lucus Feronia
138 Lucus Maricae
41 Maeisia Silva
69 Mapharitis
118 Mareotis
53 Meroe
45 Messeis Fons
132 Nitriae
113 Nodus Gordii
280 Nessonis Lacus
282 Nuba Lacus
23 Oxia Palus
279 Palicorum Lacus
25 Pallas Lacus
152 Propontis
265 Serapium
248 Sirbonis Lacus
259 Solis Fons
85 Solis Lacus
71 Tithonius Lacus
126 Trinythios
154 Trivium Charontis
137 Utopia
1 Fastigium Aryn 2 Socratis Promontorium 3 Sabaeus Sinus 4 Deucalionis Regio 5 Pyrrhae Regio 6 Noachis 7 Argyre 8 Oceanus 9 Protei Regio 10 Acesines 11 Hydriacus 12 Amphrysus 13 Garrhuenus 14 Cestrus 15 Aurorae Sinus 16 Caicus 17 Hipparis 18 Erannoboas 19 Dargamanes 20 Margaritifer Sinus 21 Ochus 22 Cantabras 23 Oxia Palus 24 Oxus 25 Pallas Lacus 26 Dardanus 27 Tempe 28 Jamuna 29 Nilokeras 30 Indus 31 Hyphasis 32 Hydaspes 33 Lucus Feronia 34 Hydraotes 35 Hypsas 36 Ganges 37 Baetis 38 Hebe 39 Nectar 40 Corax 41 Maeisia Silva 42 Chrysas 43 Agathodaemon 44 Coprates 45 Messeis Fons 46 Fons Juventae 47 Clitumnus 48 Ganymede 49 Chrysorrhoas 50 Lacus Lunae 51 Nilus 52 Labeatis Lacus 53 Meroe 54 Amystis 55 Catarrhactes 56 Uranius 57 Bactrus 58 Hippocrene Fons 59 Acherusia Palus 60 Cyane Fons 61 Anapus 62 Artanes 63 Glaucus 64 Clodianus 65 Ceraunius 66 Palamnus 67 Fortunae 68 Iris 69 Mapharitis 70 Halys 71 Tithonius Lacus 72 Tithonius 73 Avus 74 Eosphorus 75 Lerne 76 Aesis 77 Daemon 78 Lacus Phoenicis 79 Araxes 80 Jaxartes 81 Maeander 82 Phasis 83 Gallinaria Silva 84 Acampsis 85 Solis Lacus 86 Bathys 87 Ambrosia 88 Ogygis Regio 89 Surius 90 Acis 91 Cyrus 92 Thyle I. 93 Drahonus 94 Cayster 95 Isis 96 Astrae Lacus 97 Malva 98 Benacus Lacus 99 Mogrus 100 Aonius Sinus 101 Herculis Columnae 102 Hyscus 103 Memnonia 104 Erynnis 105 Gorgon 106 Medusa 107 Elison 108 Parcae 109 Aganippe Fons 110 Ulysses 111 Sirenius 112 Thermodon 113 Nodus Gordii 114 Eumenides 115 Arduenna 116 Hercynia Silva 117 Arsine 118 Mareotis 119 Achana 120 Biblis Fons 121 Pyriphlegethon 122 Gigas 123 Bandusiae Fons 124 Ferentinae Lucus 125 Titan 126 Trinythios 127 Medus 128 Alcyonia 129 Brontes 130 Steropes 131 Arachoti Fons 132 Nitriae 133 Thyanis 134 Augila 135 Neda 137 Utopia 136 Ammonium 138 Lucus Maricae 139 Liris 140 Eurymedon 141 Erinaeus 142 Evenus 143 Belus 144 Arges 145 Gyes 146 Castalia Fons 147 Hibe 148 Axon 149 Orcus 150 Erebus 151 Hypelaeus 152 Propontis 153 Hades 154 Trivium Charontis 155 Laestrygon 156 Atax 157 Tartarus 158 Aquae Apollinares 159 Bautis 160 Cophen 161 Antaeus 162 Axius 163 Avernus 164 Cyaneus 165 Mare Cimmerium 166 Leontes 167 Nestus 168 Atlantis 169 Padargus 170 Harpasus 171 Heratemis 172 Digentia 173 Mare Sirenum 174 Simois 175 Psychrus 176 Mare Chronium 177 Thyle II. 178 Scamander 179 Gaesus 180 Opharus 181 Helisson 182 Chaboras 183 Nereides 184 Chretes 185 Lucus Angitiae 186 Cerberus 187 Clepsydra Fons 188 Nymphaeus 189 Cambyses 190 Lucrinus Lacus 191 Pactolus 192 Aethiops 193 Eunostos 194 Elysium 195 Aponi Fons 196 Styx 197 Galaxias 198 Boreas 199 Achelous 200 Aquae Calidae 201 Boreosyrtis 202 Lethes 203 Amenthes 204 Astapus 205 Isidis Regio 206 Nepenthes 207 Libya 208 Triton 209 Syrtis Parva 210 Mare Tyrrhenum 211 Hesperia 212 Cinyphus 213 Eurypus 214 Flevo Lacus 215 Galaesus 216 Hesperidum Lacus 217 Cynia Lacus 218 Cephissus 219 Xanthus 220 Rha 221 Centrites 222 Achates 223 Sesamus 224 Athesis 225 Lemuria 226 Erymanthus 227 Hylias 228 Tedanius 229 Hadriaticum Mare 230 Orosines 231 Hippus 232 Carpis 233 Syrtis Major 234 Hyctanis 235 Dosaron 236 Japygia 237 Solis Promontorium 238 Aeolus 239 Casuentus 240 Hammonis Cornu 241 Typhon 242 Anubis 243 Asopus 244 Arosis 245 Astaboras 246 Nilosyrtis 247 Phison 248 Sirbonis Lacus 249 Hipponitis Palus 250 Arsanias 251 Protonilus 252 Lacus Ismenius 253 Euphrates 254 Sitacus 255 Orontes 256 Eulaeus 257 Labotas 258 Daradax 259 Solis Fons 260 Daix 261 Hiddekel 262 Arethusa Fons 263 Margus 264 Deuteronilus 265 Serapium 266 Gihon 267 Xisuthri 268 Edom Promontorium 269 Neudrus 270 Magon 271 Acalandrus 272 Hyllus 273 Alpheus 274 Peneus 275 Hellas 276 Tyndis 277 Oenotria 278 Arsia Silva 279 Palicorum Lacus 280 Nessonis Lacus 281 Lausonius Lacus 282 Nuba Lacus 283 Mare Icarium 284 Acheron 285 Mare Erythraeum 286 Ophir 287 Ausonia 288 Daphne
1905
Source: P Lowell: Mars and its canals. New York, Macmillan, 1906.
Mars 1896-1897. Annals of the Lowell Observatory, 1905, p. 3. Courtesy Lowell Observatory Archives. In: Lane M, Geographers of Mars Isis 2005
Reproduction from: Volume II. I. Observations of the Planet Jupiter and its Satellites 1894 and 1895. II. Observations of the 1896 and 1897 made at Flagstaff, Arizona, and Tacubaya, Mexico. 41 plates, including one in color and 2 folding; 4 text illustrations. x, 523 pages. Cambridge: The University Press, 1900. — Volume III. Observations of the Planet Mars during the Oppositions of 1894, 1896, 1898, 1901 and 1903 made at Flagstaff, Arizona. 18 plates; 76 text illustrations. xiv, 293, [1]; [2], 60 pages. Np, 1905.
Annotated map made from visual observations in 1905. The map also appears in: EC Slipher: The photographic story of Mars, Cambridge, Mass., Sky Pub. Corp., 1962.
A hemispheric color view of Mars, by P Lowell, 1905
Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ
The Digital Museum of Planetary Mapping is supported by the ICA Commission on Planetary Cartography. We collect maps of other worlds. Curator: H. Hargitai
Sitemap
Tables
Charts
| Column name | Column description |
|---|---|
| Catalog ID (M) | N/A |
| Title | Title of map |
| Author | Name of mapper(s), or author, PI, map editor, illustrator, etc. with roles |
| Nationality | Nationality of author |
| Start date | Year when mapping began / or year or observation |
| Date of publication | Year of publication or completion of manusctipt (empty if not published yet) |
| Body | Target name (planetary body) |
| Online | Online references about the map |
| Projection | Projection of map. 2-hemisphere is shown here. |
| Scale | N/A |
| Orientation | Orientation of map [north up, south up] – only for historic maps (north: cartographic tradition, south: astronomical tradition) |
| Publication type | The type of work that contains the map. [standalone, journal, conference, atlas, book figure, book supplement, book plate, encyclopedia, multisheet, digital] |
| Type, purpose | Type of map purpose [generic, outreach, science, citizen, surface operation (pre mission), landing site (post mission), observer, opposition, index, reference, eclipse/transit/occultation] generic: not defined, outreach: maps for the general public made b |
| Primary Nomenclature | Laguage(s) of nomenclature displayed on the map [Latin, English etc., IAU, informal]. Latin for Latin nomenclature prior to IAU. |
| Ref (map) | Full reference of map publication or publication that contains the map |
| DOI | DOI number of map |
| ID (publication) | ID of map publication or figure number |
| Origin type | If this map is not original, the following codes are used: [L: language variant, N: new print, U: updated edition, C: copied / modified from another map, R: renovation map (digital version of paper map with slight changes), F facsimile. RP: republished in |
| Origin ID | Any maps that this map is based on or copied from. Database ID of original map. |
| Based on map | Name of mapper |
| Base (spacecraft, telescope) | Name of spacecraft / instrument |
| Original title | Title of map in original langage (if not English) |
| Publisher | Name of Publisher; manuscript or self-published. For journals and conferences, the name of the journal or conference. |
| Coverage | Coverage of map [global, hemispheric, regional, local, landing site, landing ellipse, traverse] |
| Target location | IAU name of target feature (if named) or near side, far side etc. (If nothing noted, it is global) |
| Country | Country of Publisher (original/translation) |
| Type, content | Type of map [photo, map, sketch map, drawing, globe, tactile, data]. Data for raster datasets. For vector data, see Feature DB. Drawing: no grid, scale, projection etc. |
| Image base | Base theme of the map [shaded relief, photomosaic, photo, none] |
| Theme | Theme of map [visual, albedo, radar, low sun, topography, elevation, geology, geomorphology, art, nomenclature reference, feature, landing site reference, opposition map, event (eclipse etc) etc.]. Low sun is optical photo with shadows and no albedo. Vis |
| Technique | Cartographic technique [imagemap, datamap, cartographic map, unit map, airbrush, pencil, line drawing/outline, contour lines, DEM, DIM, shaded relief / hillshading, raster data etc.] |
| Style | Details on style |
| Method | Method how the data was obtained |
| Mapping scale | Scale of mapping |
| Resolution | Raster dataset resoltion [m/pixel] |
| Short Reference | Short form of reference to the map publication |
| GIS / data | URL where GIS or original spatial data is |
| Data provider | N/A |
| Profession | Profession of author (for historic maps) |
| Designator | Sheet designator terms following Greeley and Batson (1990) Planetary Mapping. Cambridge University Press. – only if displayed on the map. First letter: target body, 5M: scale, 90/0 etc: center coordinates, OM – orthophotomosaic , T – Topographic data (nom |
| Control | Controlled, semi-controlled, uncontrolled |
| Note on control | Base of control |
| Series title | Title of map series |
| Number of maps (in work) | N/A |
| Number of quads | N/A |
| Quad ID | Quad ID (or quads IDs) contained on the map |
| Map Diameter | N/A |
| Map width cm | N/A |
| Map height cm | N/A |
| Map width px | N/A |
| Map height px | N/A |
| Base type | Type of instrument of observation of base data [naked eye, telescope, spacecraft, space telescope, lander] |
| Location of copy | Library or archive where manuscript or rare copy is kept |
| Ref (literature) | Reference – literature about the map, may be the source of data if the map is not available. Separated with # symbols. |
| Status (2017) | Status of mapping [complete, in progress, in review] (mostly for USGS maps) |
| Aim | Original aim of mapping, if available |
| Notes | Any comments, remarks [Long text, may be multiple paragraphs] |
| Secondary nomenclature | Other languages of the nomenclature |
| Nomenclature Notes | Remarks on nomenclature |
| Photo note | N/A |
| Reference frame | ID from RefFrames |
| web2 | Online references about the map |
| web3 | Online references about the map |
| web4 | Online references about the map |
| ocentric/ographic | Map coordinate [planetographic, planetocentric] |
| N | N/A |
| S | N/A |
| W 360E | N/A |
| E 360E | N/A |
| W 180 | N/A |
| E 180 | N/A |
| W 360W | N/A |
| R 360W | N/A |
| fig1 | N/A |
| fig1 caption | N/A |
| fig2 | N/A |
| fig2 caption | N/A |
| fig3 | N/A |
| fig3 caption | N/A |
| fig4 | N/A |
| fig4 caption | N/A |
| fig5 | N/A |
| fig5 caption | N/A |
| STATUS | N/A |
| Sum | $180 |