Drawing by Christoph Scheiner, 1614, Disquisitiones Mathematicae

Features are lettered.

Courtesy of E A Whitaker

Below is the explanation of features (maculae = craters)

....positione oculi detrudunt. Sed haec omnia in praesenti Lunae hypothesi melius intelligentur; in qua Primo, Antiquae eiusdem maculae miram prae se ferunt varietatem, et sunt A B, C, D, E, F & G. Secundo maculae novae quales sunt H, I, K, L & M, caeterae temporaneae; sicut & alia innumerarum umbrae lunuliformes, & ipsius Lunae formae, ex obiecta partium eminentiorum creatae. Tertio, Lux Lunae ab antiquis maculis distincta & ipsa inaequalis, nam quaedam quasi gemmae ex ea elucent intensissimae candoris, qualis est N & O; Lunula item apud H, apud I, ad K, iuxta L, M & D, aliaeque gemmae innumeratae. Quarto, Maculae nigrae, ut P, Q, R & aliae hinc inde, caecisque satis stabiles. Quinto, confinium lucis & umbrarum, quale nunc est S T V X, semper anfractuosum asperum & inaequale, quod causant partes eminentes lucem Solarem inaequaliter impedientes. Sexto umbroso Lunae pars X Y S, tota lucida est, luce secundaria, & splendori Saturnio par, de qua mox disputatione sequente. Septimo huius ipsius partis umbrae triplex innucebitur lucis differentia; nam ordinaria ordinariis & ubique quodammodo aequalis est ea, quae spatio S T V X Z colligitur; quae autem annulo X Z Y S describitur intensior est; quam tamen splendore superat, tractus quidam β Γ γ δ, lucidis apicibus passim respersus, quae omnia non ab uno tantum sed a pluribus harum rerum non imperitis & saepe sunt observata sedulo per tubos mediocres, qui huc plus conferunt praestantissimis, I. Octo. 17. Nouemb. & 29. Dec. Anni 1612, nec non 23. April. & alias saepe anno 1613. & vivis sedant praesertim in Noviluniis, neque aliter occurrunt, quam alia minutatim in firmamento stellari; sed huc solers observatoris industria requiritur.....
Translation:
...They displace them according to the position of the eye. But all these things will be better understood in the present hypothesis of the Moon. First, its old spots show a remarkable variety, and they are A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Second, there are new spots, such as H, I, K, L and M, the rest being temporary; and likewise other countless crescent-shaped shadows and forms of the Moon itself, produced by the casting of shadows from its more elevated parts. Third, the light of the Moon, distinct from the old spots, is itself unequal; for certain things shine out from it like gems of most intense whiteness, such as N and O. There is also a little crescent near H, near I, at K, beside L, M and D, and countless other gems. Fourth, there are black spots, such as P, Q, R and others here and there, and these are quite stable. Fifth, the boundary between light and shadow, such as it is now at S T V X, is always winding, rough and uneven, because elevated parts obstruct the sunlight unevenly. Sixth, the shadowed part of the Moon, X Y S, is wholly luminous with secondary light, equal in brilliance to Saturn’s light; this will be discussed soon in the following disputation. Seventh, within the shadow of this same part, a threefold difference of light will be observed: the ordinary light is everywhere in some way equal, gathered within the space S T V X Z; but the light described by the ring X Z Y S is more intense; yet it is surpassed in brightness by a certain tract β Γ γ δ, scattered here and there with bright points. All these things have been diligently observed not only by one person, but by several who were not inexperienced in such matters, and often through moderate telescopes, which are more useful here than the finest ones: on 17 October, 17 November, and 29 December of the year 1612, and also on 23 April and often at other times in 1613. They appear especially at new moons, and occur no otherwise than other minute things in the starry firmament; but here the careful diligence of an attentive observer is required....